Improved ladder



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P. M. PAPIN. or sT.

LOUIS, MISSOURI- Laim Patent No. 83,084, dated october 13, 1868.

The Schedule referred to :ln these Letters Patent and making part of the Baume.

To all vwhom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1,1). M. PAPIN, of St. Louis, in the county of St. Louis, and State of Missouri, have made certain new and useful Improvements in Ladders; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and clear description thereof,reference being had to the accompanying drawings,`and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of this invention is in the formation of a ladder, for general uses, and especially for purposes of plucking fruit from trees, by a combination of two single rail-ladders, either of which ladders being arranged to be used singly; and said general nature applies, furthermore, to a system of trussing the long single ladder-rail, to prevent said rail from deflection under weight, and'from side oscillations.

To enable those skilled herein to make and use my improved invention, I will now describe the same fully, having reference to the accompanying drawings, of Which- Figure l isa side elevation of the double ladder, and

Figure 2 is a front elevation thereof. p

Figure 3 is a plan of a long ladder and its trussing.

Figure 4 is a central section of such long ladder.

Iconstruct my said ladder of a single central rail or rod, A, through which the rounds c are passed, and wherein they are secured in the usual manner.

In order to steady the single rail, when placed in the nearly upright position in Which it is used, I connect to the said rail A the spreading feet,'A1, connected at' upper ends with A, and by the suitable cross-bar, c. A

- Furthermore, to accommodate any inequalities of height of ground, I arrange, on said feet A, the sliding feet A2, held by the set-screw a2, Whensecured and guided by the clamps a3.

In the lower surface of the sliding feet A", I arrange the spike-studs, c4, to impinge on the oor or ground, and thereby secure -the base of the ladder in position.

When I arrange the rail A to connect with a second In case the rail A becomes unduly long, I truss the v l same with the metallic rods'b, securing said rods at each end of the'rail A, and spreading said rods b at the middle of the rail to meet the ends of across-bar,

b, said cross-bar being secured to the under side of y the rail A.

In order, moreover, to prevent side oscillations of the rail A, I brace the same laterally by the angleblocks b2, which are secured to said cross-bar b. Thus, owing to the depth of the truss-rods b below the rail A, they aid firmly to resist Weights placed onthe rounds, and owing to the spreadingof said rods b at their connection with b1, and owing to said angleblocks b2, the rail is prevented from lateral motion, and the Whole forms a truss against weights applied vertically and laterally.-

In 'long ladders, I use the double hooks C, at the upper end of the rail, to hold said end in its position. In shorter ladders, a single hook, C', as in iigs. 1 and 2, will suice. Having thus fully described my invention,

What I clam, is'- j The rail A, spreading feetAl, sliding feet A2, truss rods b, cross-bar b1, angle-blocks b2, and hookl, the

Whole being combined and arranged inthe manner described and for the purpose set forth. p

In testimony of which invention, I hereunto set my hand, this 29th day of October, 1867 ,in presence off P. M. PAPIN. Witnesses:

GEORGE P. HERTHEL, Jr., A. HERTHEL. 

